Ukuze uhlele ukuphila kwegatya (igatya elomnyama) liyagunyelwa. Izigaba ezimbili zegatya leliyagunyelweyo kungenisa kugunyelwa ngokushushu futhu kugunyelwa ngokuvamisa. Kugunyelwa ngokushushu kunezindleko eziphakeme futhu kugunyelwa ngokuvamisa kunezindleko ezincane, ngakho ke kunezigaba ezimbili zegatya leliyagunyelweyo. Manje, ngokuthuthukwa kwendustri, kunehlanga lekukhulisa kwegatya leliyagunyelweyo.
Izigaba zegatya leliyagunyelweyo ngokushushu sisebenziswe kakhulu kumanyano amaningi, isinqumo sokugunyelwa ngokushushu siphila ngokude. Sisebenziswe kakhulu kuzindlela zokulethwa kwamandla, izindlela zokuxhumana, izindlela zokulandela, izindlela zokulandela amalighti, izinto zaseNingizimu, izinto zokuvikela ebandleni, izinto zokwakhiwa, izindlela zokugcina amandla, izinto zokusebenza kakhulu fayona.
Ukuhlaka ngokushesha kwezinkawu kuyindlela kuqala ukulaka izinga lezinkawu, ukuyicisha amaphasi wezinhlayiya kusayithi sezinga lezinkawu, emuva kokulaka, ngemvume yezinhlayiya ezinhleliwe kwezinhlayiya zasezinkawu noma isisindo esihlukile sasezinkawu noma isisindo esihlukile sasezinhlayiya zasezinkawu nezinhlayiya zasezinhlayiya okuhlanganisiwe, bese kungena kusayithi sokuhlaka ngokushesha. Kunezintu eziqinile zokuhlaka ngokushesha, izinkawu eziphakeme, ukuxhunyaniswa okukhulu nekuphila okude. Amaphrojekthi anengi amakhulu awusebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa izinkawu eziyinhlanziwe ngokushesha.
Isimo sezinga lezinkawu eziyinhlanziwe ngokushesha kuzinye izindawo kungenxa yezinto ezingaphezu kwezinye: iminyaka engu-13 kizindaweni zokwenza izinto, iminyaka engu-50 kizindaweni zomfukwana, iminyaka engu-104 kizindaweni zokudla, ne-30 iminyaka ekhaya.
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