Ko te Au Maitai Puka Puka (BAP) he momo au maitai kei te puka puka. Ko te puka puka he tikanga whakarerekē hihiani i roto i te maitai e hiahiatia ana te kaiwhakarewa i te kaiwhakarewa tika, kātā whakarereke hoki ki te kaiwhakarewa o te kaiwhakarewa i raro i ngā tikanga whakahaere. Ko te Au Maitai Puka Puka e hanga ana i te mata o te whero hurihuri i te wā o te puka puka, e hoatu ana i te kaiwhakarewa tāpoi tāpoi me te āhua parakirua.
Ko te taputapu au maitai puka puka
1. Maitai iti te kārihi (Low Carbon Steel): ko te maitai iti te kārihi tētahi o ngā taputapu mō te au tapawhā puka puka. He iti noa te kārihi o te maitai, ina heke pea i te 0.05% ki te 0.25%. He pai te whakamahi me te tōkiri maitai, he tino whakauru ki te hanganga whakauru me te whakamahinga.
2. te whitiwhiti hiko (Carbon Structural Steel): ka whakamahia hoki te whitiwhiti hiko i te hanga i ngā karu parenga tapawhā hui. He nui ake te ihirangi hiko o te whitiwhiti hiko, i te rohe o 0.30% ki te 0.70%, hei whakarite i te kaha ake me te roa o te ora.
3. Q195 whitiwhiti (Q195 Steel): ko te Q195 he rino whitiwhiti hiko tēnei i whakamahia nuia ki Te Haina hei hanga i ngā karu tapawhā hui. He pai tana mahi me te kaha, ā, he kaha ake te whitiwhiti me te kaha ki te pāpaku.
4. Q235 whitiwhiti (Q235 Steel): ko te Q235 he rino whitiwhiti hiko tēnei i whakamahia nuia ki Te Haina, i whakamahia whānuitia ki te hanga i ngā karu tapawhā hui. He nui te kaha o te Q235 whitiwhiti, he pai tana mahi, ko ia tētahi o ngā rino whitiwhiti e whakamahia ana.
Te whāinga me te rahi o te karu huinga huinga
Ko ngā tohu me ngā rahi o te papa whakarewa mārō he rerekē pea i ngā rerekētanga me ngā here. Ko ēnei ētahi o ngā roa e mōhiotia ana o ngā tohu me ngā āhua o te papa mārō tūturu mārō hei whakamātau:
1. Urrutia (Urrutia): Ko te roa o te tapa o te papa tapa ōrite he iti noa ki te rahi, ko te roa e mōhiotia ana kei te kīia ko:
-Rahi iti: te roa o te tapa o 10mm, 12mm, 15mm, 20mm, etc..
-Rahi waenganui: ko ngā roa tapa o 25mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, etc.
-Rahi nui: te roa o te tapa o 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 100mm, etc.
-Rahi ake: te roa o te tapa o 150mm, 200mm, 250mm, 300mm, etc.
2. Te Tapa Tuarangi (Tapa Tuarangi): Ko te tata ki waho o te papa mārō hokinga he iti noa ki te rahi, ko te roa e mōhiotia ana kei te kīia ko:
-Tapa tuarangi iti: ko te tata tuarangi iti e mōhiotia ana ko te 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, etc..
-Tuarangi waenganui: Ko te tata tuarangi waenganui e mōhiotia ana ko te 12mm, 15mm, 20mm me ētahi atu.
-Tuarangi nui: Ko te tata tuarangi nui e mōhiotia ana ko te 25mm, 32mm, 40mm me ētahi atu.
-OD Nui Ake: Ko te kaha o te OD nui kei te maha, penei i te 50mm, 60mm, 80mm, me etahi atu.
3.Kaha o te Pāpaku (Kaha o te Pāpaku): he maha ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana mō te kaha o te pāpaku o te pōro reta kia māmā, kei te whānui o ngā kōwhiringa e kōrero ana ko te nuinga, engari kāore i te roa atu i:
-Kaha Iti ake: 0.5mm, 0.8mm, 1.0mm, me etahi atu.
-Kaha waenganui: 1.2mm, 1.5mm, 2.0mm, me etahi atu.
-Kaha Nui: 2.5mm, 3.0mm, 4.0mm, me etahi atu.
Ngā āhuatanga hua o te pīpī toto māmā
1.Tōaitanga pai: he pai te tōaitanga o te pīpī tapawhā māmā i muri i te tīmatanga māmā, māmā ki te kōpiko, ki te tapa, ki te hui tā me ngā mahi e rite ana.
2.Kaupapa māmā te mātā: he pāpaku māmā te āhua o te pīpī tapawhā māmā, kāore hoki e hiahiatia ana kia piki ake i ngā mahi mātā pīroiroi, e penapena ana i te utu hana me te tikanga.
3. Whanui te whakauru: ka taea te whirinakitanga i te papa tapawhā māmā māwhero kia rite ki ngā here o ngā rerekētanga rerekē, pērā i te hanga, te whakaputa miihini, te whakaputa taputapu me ētahi atu anō.
4. Te kaha nui: ko te papa tapawhā māmā māwhero i te nuinga o te wā i hangaia ki te hinu iti hinu, he iti noa rānei te hinu hanganga, he kaha, he kaha ki te whakakaha, kia ū ai ki ngā here hanganga.
5. Māmā ki te tāpiri i ngā tāone: i te mea kāore te papa tapawhā māmā i runga i te tōaitanga o te papanga, māmā ai te tāpiri i ngā tāone inu, peita, pāpaku, me ētahi atu, kia kaha ake te whakamarumaru i te pāpaku me te āhua.
6. Tāpoi tāpoi: ina whakaritea ki ētahi atu papa tapawhā i muri i te tāone rānei, he iti ake te utu o te papa tapawhā māmā, he utu māmā ake, e tika ana mō ētahi wāhi e hiahiatia ana te āhua.
Ngā waahanga tāpua o te pīpoi paraihe
1. Whare hanganga: ko ngā tuiri huinga paraihe kei te whakamahia noa i ngā whare hanganga, pērā i ngā tautoko hanganga, ngā anga, ngā pou, ngā poutokotoru me ētahi atu. Ka taea e rātou te whakarato i te kaha me te pumau, ka whakamahia hoki ki ngā wāhanga tautoko me te whakauru ki ngā whare.
2. Whanaketanga Mekaniko: Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ngā pīpoi paraihe paraihe ki te ahumoni whanaketanga mekameka. Ka taea e rātou te whakaputanga i ngā wāhanga, ngā papa tu, ngā nohonga, ngā pūnaha kawenga me ētahi atu. Kei te pai te whakamahinga o te pīpoi paraihe paraihe, e whai hua ana mō te tapa, te wī, me ngā mahi tāone.
3. Rārangi rereke me te rārangi pōhara: Ko te pīpoi huinga paraihe kei te whakamahia noa i ngā pūnaha rārangi rereke me te rārangi pōhara. Ka taea e rātou te whakamahi hei pou me ngā poutokotoru o te rārangi, e whakarato ana i te tautoko me te whakamaru.
4. Whare tapa kaihanga: Ko ngā puipui hinu whakaputanga pakanga hoki hoki kua whakamahia ki te whare tapa kaihanga. Ka taea e ratou te whakapapa papa, nohonga, taputapu whakaputanga, ngā kōpae hoki, e whakarato ana i te tōtika me te tautoko hanganga.
5. Ngā puipui me ngā ara puipui: Ka taea hoki e ngā puipui hinu whakaputanga te whakamahi hei wāhanga o ngā puipui me ngā ara puipui kia neke ai ngā wai, ngā kāiri, me ngā taputapu taone. Hei tauira, kua whakamahia mō ngā ara puipui irirangi, ngā pūmahara whakapai, ngā ara puipui kirihi hoki.
6. Whakapapa atu me te hoahoa ruma: ko ngā puipui hinu whakaputanga katoa hoki kua whakamahia ki te whakapapa atu me te hoahoa ruma. Ka taea e ratou te whakapapa i ngā taonga whakapapa ruma, ngā kōpae whakapapa, ngā rāpua whakapapa, me etahi atu, e hoatu ana i te wāhi ki te ahurea irirangi.
7. Ngā whakamahinga atu: I tua atu i ngā whakamahinga i runga ake nei, ka taea hoki e te puipui hinu whakaputanga te whakamahi ki te hanga kaipuke, te whakaputanga hiko, te petrochemical me ētahi atu mara.
Ko ēnei anake ētahi o ngā wāhi whakamahinga tūmatanui o te pere tinana whakaputua, ko te whakamahinga tūtohu ka rerekē kia rite ki ngā umanga rerekē me ngā hiahia motuhake.
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